Extra exercise: Writing 5 "Short reports"

Complete the conclusion and recommendations in this time management report using the following words.
also, efficiently, recommendations, moment, unneccesary, good, finally, better

In conclusion, here are my recommendations on how to manage time more
efficiently in our department. At the moment we spend too much time
answering unneccesary business correspondence. It would be a good
idea to prioritise all written communication: letters, emails and phone calls,
so that the most important are dealt with first. Also, employees
should note down how long they will spend on each job. A task that is
important should be give more time than a less important task.
Finally, we usually have a monthly meeting to discuss and prioritise
departamental deadlines. It would be better if this was changed to a
weekly meeting.

Extra exercise: Writing 4 "Letters"

Write a letter.


Mr. Larson.
Customer Services Department
Lang and Turner
Coleford
Gloncester
12th May, 2008


Dear Mr. Larson,
Customer Services Complaint

I´m writing to complaint because
I phoned the Sales Department today
to ask for information about a product
and the sales assistant was impolite
and unhelpful.

Could you arrange for a supervisor
to contact to me to discuss this
as soon as possible?

Thank you for your help with this matter.

Yours sincerely.

Jessica Lemus

Extra exercise: Writing 3 "Memos"

Read the memo and match the descriptions with the parts of the memo.

To: All staff
A.- Who the memo is to.

From: Lee Stone, Facilities Manager
A.- Who the memo is from.

Subject: Smoking.
A.- What the memo in about.

Please note that from Monday 18 th July smoking will not be allowed in any part of the building.
A.- The main point.

We have taken this decision for the comfort and health of all staff, and to comply with new Health and Safety laws.
A.- More information.

We are investigating the possibility of installing a special ventilated smoking area in the future.
A.- A solution.

Thank for your cooperation.

Extra exercise: Writing 2 "Emails"

Use the phrases to complete Emir´s reply to Emma.
Let me know, Thanks, can, ideal, Hi, regards, quality, information


To: Emma

From: Emir Mahoud

Hi Emma.
Thanks for your email.
Here is the information you asked for, about the electronic dictionary on
page 9 of the brocgure. Tou can add up to 10,000 new words to it
and it´s ideal for use with both American and British Englis. It´s also
very good quality.

Let me know if you have any other questions.

Kind regards

Emir

Extra exercise: Writing 1 "Messages and notes"

Add puntuation to this note. Add nine capital letters, two apostrophes, one comma, a full stop and a question mark.

Robert,
I can´t come to the presentation today
because, I´m meeting Mr Mullers at the
airport. Could you take notes and give
them to me on Friday?
Thanks
Kate

Exercise: "Glosary test"

Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

1. We increased spending on production and this has reduced our profit margin.
2. Doug Richards is a successful entrenepeur who has started a number of profitablebusinesses.
3. When we had a fire, the insurance company paid the cost of the damage.
4. Our regional sales representative will visit you and shou you our product range.
5. It was a difficult problem, so they had a brainstorming meeting to collect some ideas.
6. This graph shows the increase in oil prices over the last ten years.
7. Venture capitalists lokk for a big return on investment when they provide finance.
8. If you need more informatio, browse the company website.
9. Employees say that they get more job satisfaction when they are able to use their own initiative in their work.
10. To be sure of being polite to people, it is best to follow the rules of etiquette.
11. Banks, financial services and consultancy businesses all belong to the service sector.
12. The new product didn´t sell well and the company lost market share to its competitors.
13. If you tell your insurance company that the value of your loss was higher than it really was, you are making a fraudulent claim.
14. The new technology is good, but the company needs a lot of funding to develop it.
15. Supermarkets and other retailers sell goods directly to people who will use them.
16. The city is attracting lots of new business, which is good for economic growth.
17. We use a system of just-in-time delivery to reduce the cost of keeping large stocks.
18. Staff who stay with the company for longer than ten years receive an extra week´s holiday as a reward for their loyalty.
19. The human resources department has over 100 applications for the new position.
20. The bank is introducing a new surveillance system to increase security.
21. Stefan claimed 5,000 pounds from the insurance company after his car was stolen.
22. The news story generated excellent publicity for our brand.
23. When you have a meeting with new business partners, it is important to be puntual.
24. Some of the items were damaged so the buyer made a complaint.
25. Senior managers are responsible for their subordinates in the organisational hierarchy.
26. I think we should offer a five per cent discount to encourage people to buy more.
27. Innovators are people who have new ideas and think of new ways to do things.
28. We´ve reduced the price by 15 per cent, so the buyer is getting a good deal.
29. Giorgio Armani is famous for creating a luxury brand.
30. We ask customers for tjeir feeback to help us improve.
31. Ferdinand is hoping to go abroad to work in one of his company´s regional offices.
32. On the assembly line, the parts are put together to make the finished product.
33. People on the trainee scheme have no work experience, just a university qualification.
34. We´ll have to promote our products more if we want to sell more!
35. Our staff are important resources which we try to use efficiently.
36. Several companies worked together on a joint venture to launch the new satelite.
37. The team did a brillant job so the company decided to reward each of them with a large bonus
38. John is applying for a better job in a different company.
39. We collect information about our customers and store it on a database.
40. The company is weak, with high inflation and unemployment.
41. The product has a one-year guarantee, so just bring it back if you have any problems with it.
42. Bill Sorter, a finance manager, has responsability for a team of 12 accountants.
43. We sponsor a football club, so our company name is on the players´ shirts.
44. Advertising companies need good creative staff.
45. Before you ask a bank for money, it is important to prepare a good business plan.

Review 5 (2nd part)

LANGUAJE CHECK

Consolidation:

Choose the correct form of the word or phrase.

In the past, Britons mainly drank tea; but in recent years, coffee has become increasingly popular. Chains of coffee shops, such as Starbucks, have opened in city centres across the country and now more than 80 per cent of Britons visit a coffee shop at least once a week. Spending on coffee has risen by 15 per cent since last year. A recent report shows that Starbucks is the chain that is growing most rapidly and has a market share of 25 per cent. Costa coffee is a close competitor with a 21 per cent market share. The number of coffee shops in city centres has now reached a maximum level, and the chains are trying to expand into small towns. This could be bads news for small cafés: if the chians continue to expand, many small outlets could go out of business.

We asked two consumers for their opinions on coffee shops. Matt Wingford, an accountant, says: "I like the coffee - it´s excellent. But my local coffee shop is often very noisy. I would go more often if it was quieter". Cathy Mansfield, a student, says: "It´s great. My friends and I go there regulary. But the coffee is quite expensive. I would drink more coffee if it was cheaper".

VOCABULARY CHECK

Choose the best option to complete the text.

The product development team at Playtime plc, a toy manufacturer, were highly innovative. They produced a remarkable number of good ideas for new toys, which meant that their company was able to extend its range of popular products. But things changed when the team´s manager left to join a competitor. The new manager was much less successful in motivating the team. Instead of encouraging staff and praising them for their ideas, he put pressure on them. He tried to make them work harder and longer. This didn´t increase their efficiency: it reduced it. In fact, as the team became more and more stressed, their creativity declined. Their product ideas were unpopular and failed to satisfy customer demand. Now the company is losing market share and needs to find a radical solution.

CAREER SKILLS

Managing tme:

Choose a phrase to complete the reminders about time.

1.- We don´t have...

A.- Much time.

2.- We must finish...

A.- By 5 o´clock.

3.- It´s time...

A.- To finish.

4.- We´re running...

A.- Out of time.

5.- Please keep it...

A.- Short.

Finding creative solutions:

Complete the dialogue with the following phrases.

Would it help if, That could be a solution, If we did that, What could we do, What if we, That wouldn´t help.

A) The sales staff are selling lots of products, but it takes us too long to deliver the orders to the customer. What could we do to make the system more efficient?

B) What if we took on more sales staff?

A) That wouldn´t help. We´ve got enough staff. It´s the order processing system that´s not working well.

C) Would it help if the sales reps carried laptops when they visited the customers? That way, they could enter orders inmediately.

B) Yes! If we did that, we could reduce the time it takes to transfer orders to the sales office.

A) That could be a solution!

Giving reasons:

Complete the reasons with the following phrases.

because. because of, so that, in order, means that.

1.- I need a large desk because I have a lot of books and papers.

2.- You should make lists of things to do so that you don´t forget anything.

3.- A lot of people have to work in a quiet environment in order to think clearly.

4.- I usually switch off my mobile phone when I´m working. This means that I don´t get any interruptions.

5.- I can´t work at home because of the televison.

Excercise: Giving reasons"

1.- Managers should listen to the staff so that we can satisfy their needs suggestions.

2.- They have to support their team´s ideas so the staff understand their role in the company.

3.- That means that they have to encourage to staff to be creative.

4.- The staff wanted rewards because the pay isn´t enough.

5.- We needed to build up a good climate because of productivity.

6.- We need to up date our computers in order to work better.

Exercise: "What workers need in order to feel motivate?"

1.- Match the factors with their explanations.

1) Connection.
A.- We need to understand our role in the company.

2) Content.
A.- We need to enjoy our job and get satisfaction from it.

3) Context.
A.- The company´s systems need to work well.

4) Climate.
A.- Staff need to have a good relationship with managers.



2- What should managers do in order to create a good climate?
A.- The managers should do these things:
*Listen to the staff.
*Respond to their solutions.
*Encourage the staff to use their initiative / ideas.
*Support their team.

Extra exercise about present perfect and past simple

Put the word in brackets into the present perfect or past simple.

1.- (John ever visit) Has John ever visited Indonesia?

2.- I (never flew) have never flown on an airplane anywhere before.

3.- (you be) Have you been to my office yet?

4.- (you ever hear) Have you ever heard this kind of music?

5.- (you send) Have you sent the letter yet?

6.- (you watch) Did you watch TV last night?

7.- He (know) knew all these words a year ago.

8.- She (live) has been living here since 1989. I believe he will die here.

9.- He (understand) understood everything at school.

10.- How many lessons (you have) have you had today?

11.- I (never write) have never written any poem.

12.- I (read) read twenty novels last year.

13.- I (remember) remembered to close the door.

14.- Last summer I (swim) swam in the Red Sea.

15.- Mr. Jones (go) has gone to Australia. He is not in this country.

16.- My brother (see) saw him last week at Jane's birthday party.

17.- My father (translate) translated two pages yesterday.

18.- She (just finish) has just finished her homework. She can go out with friends.

19.- This is the first time I (drive) have driven a BMW.

20.- Tom (just come) has just come. Do you want to talk to him?

Examples of present perfect and simple past

Match the examples with their rules:

1.- In the old days, companies grew slowly.
A.- We use the past simple to talk about the things that belong to the past and are finished.

2.- Now the kids have taken over.
A.- We use the present perfect to show the result of an event without saying with it happened.

3.- Jack Welch took over as CEO of GE in 1981.
A.- We use the past simple when we give the specific time that an event tokk place.

4.- He was CEO for 20 years, and retired in 2001.
A.- We use the past simple with for when the activity is finished.

5.- Mike works for MV. He has been with the company for three years now.
A.- We use the present perfect with for and since to talk about things that started in the past but continue up to the present.

6.- Mike has worked at head office since June.
A.- We use the present perfect with for and since to talk about things that started in the past but continue up to the present.

Present perfect and past simple

Present perfect.
The present perfect has the following uses:

°Recent events.
Examples:
-Sales figures have improved recently
-We haven´t seen a big rise in demand.
- Has your manager just started?


°Events that affect the present situation (but we don´t say when they happened).
Example:
-Prices have gone up so they´re very high now.


°Unfinished events starting in the past and continuing up to the present (using for and since).
Examples:
-I´ve been in sales since 1992.
-The company has beeen the market leader for three years now.


°Answering How long? about an unfinished event.
Example:
-How long have you worked for Exxon?


Key words:
recently, in recent months / years, in the last month / year, just, now, since, for (except with finished periods of time).




Past simple.
The past simple has the following uses:

°Events that happened at a definite time in the past.
Examples:
-I joined the company in 2003.
-The new secretary didn´t come in yesterday.


°Finished actions or events.
Examples:
-When you were a student, did you work in the holidays?
-Yes, I worked for a telecoms company in the holidays.


°Finished time periods (with for).
Example:
-Aisha worked in the finance department for two years, from 2003 till 2005.


Key words:
in 2005, from 2002 to 2004, las week / month / year, yesterday, ago, in the past.

Exercise: "Multi-part verbs"

1.- Take can have different meanings when combined with different words. Study the examples and match the verbs with their meanings.

1) The kids have taken over.
A.- Take control of something.

2) The company has taken on 20 new staff.
A.- Recruit or hire.

3) Maria has taken up the job offer from Microsoft.
A.- Accept.

4) The management told John to take off his earrings at work.
A.- Remove.

5) Everyone in the department took part in the volley ball match.
A.- Do an activity, participate.

6) The meeting will take place on Monday at 9:00.
A.- Happen.


2.- Complete the sentences with the following words.
on, off, up, over, part, place

1) The company was reorganised after John Green took over as CEO.

2) We offered the staff a bonus in exchange for a reduction of holiday time, but they didn´t take it up.

3) When it´s hot, the men often take off their jackets and ties.

4) All the staff we´ve taken on this year are under 25.

5) Would you like to take part in the company quiz night?

6) The dinal match will take place on Friday at 4 pm.

Vocabulary of the article: "The kids are all right"

*suddenly = derrepente
*deeply = profundamente
*feasible = factible
*brave = valiente
*faithful = fiel
*faith = fe

Exercise: "What motivates you to work harder?"

1.- Working in a friendly environment.
A.- Is important so that the people can´t be stressfull and they can help ech other.


2.- Received praise.
A.- Increase self-esteem of the employees.


3.- Working on something that is interesting and exciting.
A.- They will have the willingness to work harder.

Exercise: "Working environment"

Things of a good working environment:
-Relaxing.
-More fun.
-Rewards.
-Dynamic.
-Comfortable.
-Money.
-Bonuses.
-Vacations.



Things of a bad working environment:
-Stressfull.
-Boring.
-Over work.
-Uncomfortable.

Vocabulary: Unit 15 "Motivation"

°skills = habilidades
°commited = involucrado / comprometido
°cheer up = dar ánimos
°achieve = lograr / tener éxito
°encourage = animar
°rewarded = recompensado
°loyalty = lealtad
°hierarchical = jerárquico
°environment = ambiente
°praise = premio / cumplidos
°challengue = desafío
°so that = para que...
°so = así pues
°that means that = éso significa que...
°because of = debido a...
°apply = solicitar / aplicar por...
°develop = desarrollar
°a few of us = algunos de nosotros
°whereas the others = mientras que para los otros
°in order to = para
°B to B = negocios para negocios
°surveillance = vigilancia
°hiring = contratando
°recruiting = reclutando
°applying = solicitando
°advising = asesorando
°moreover = por otra parte
°besides = además
°also = también
°however = sin embargo
°eventhough =aún cuando
°although = aunque
°nevertheless = sin embargo / no obstante
°in the hand = por un lado
°on the other hand = por el otro lado
°therefore = por tanto
°furthermore = más allá
°in spite of the fact = a pesar de...
°despite of = a pesar de...
°regardless = a pesar de...
°result = resultado / consecuencia
°as a result of = como resultado de...
°due to = debido a...
°packing = departamento de compras

Review 5

LANGUAJE CHECK

Adjectives and adverbs:

Choose the correct form of the verbs.

A study was recently carried out into the productivity of 160 engineers. The engineers worked in teams but also did many tasks individually. The study looked at how frequently the engineers helped each other. Engineers also asked to say how highly they respected each of their colleagues. The study found that helpful engineers received a high level of respect from their colleagues. However, if they gave help but didn´t receive much, they were not very productive. Those engineers who accep help as well as giving it were able to boost their productivity and were also more popular with their colleagues.



Conditional 2:

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1.- If the staff (be) was more motivared, they would be more productive.

2.- People (not look) didn´t look for new jobs if their pairs was higger.

3.- Henry would stay in the same company if he (have) had better career opportunities.

4.- It could be more difficult to attract new staff if we (not offer) didn´t offer good salaries.

5.- I (enjoy) enjoyed my job more if I could be more creative.

6.- Susan doesn´t like working alone. She´d be happier if she (be) was part of a team.

7.- The staff (work) could work more efficiently if their office was more up-to-date.

8.- If we (install) installed a new computer system, we could do the work in half the time.

Speaking: Exercise: "Finding creative solutions"

Problem:
Your staff are using too much paper. It is a high cost and much of it is wasted.


Solutions:
*Recycle paper.
*Assign an amount of paper to staff.
*Sell the used paper.
*Penalize staff, if they waste too much paper.
*Look for a cheaper paper supplier.

Examples of conditional 2

1.- If you weren´t afraid to make mistakes in front of people, you would practice your English more.

2.- If Edgar were rich, he would travel around the world.

3.- If I worked abroad, I would work in L.A.

4.- If I didn´t work for ESCA, I might have free afternoons.

5.- Edgar could go to a University in U.S.A if he knew how to speak English well.

6.- If a Camera was cheap, everyone would have one.

7.- What kind of business would you run if you had a lot of money?

Conditional 2

Rules:
°If + past tense + would / wouldn´t
°If + past tense + could / might

Example:
-If the price was lower, I´d buy it.
-I wouldn´t buy it if it wasn´t good quality.
-If you reduce the price, we might be interested.



Conditional 2 has the following uses:
°Imagine unreal situations.
Examples:
-If everyone used email, we wouldn´t need to send letters.
-If electric cars didn´t have so many disadvantages, more peolpe would buy them.

°Imaginative the results of improbable actions for events.
Examples:
-If your sales increased by 15 per cent, we´d make a lot of profit.
-If other companies entered the market, there would be more competition.

Exercise about suffixes

Adjectives with suffixes. Fill in the blanks with an adjective derived from the word given.


1.- My car is really very (economic) economical.

2.- There was a (comedy) comic opera on TV last night.

3.- He's a very (ambition) ambitious man.

4.- The school organises (education) educational visits.

5.- She cries a lot because she's really very (sense) sensitive.

6.- They held a long (philosophy) philosophical discussion about the subject.

7.- The plane was caught in an (electricity) electrical storm.

8.- I haven't had a very (product) productive way.

9.- We visited a (history) historical house last weekend.

10.- I love (classic) classical music.

Suffixes

Look at these adjectives and how they are formed from nouns.

*tradition = traditional

*profit = profitable

*imagination = imaginative

*beauty = beautiful



How do you form adjectives from the following nouns.

°practice = practical

°innovation =innovative

°succes = successful

°care = careful

°competition = competitive

°reason =reasonable

°accident = accidental

°fashion =fashionable

Vocabulary: Unit 14 "Creativity"

-faces = enfrentar
-brainstorm = lluvia de ideas
-investment = inversión

Homework: Memo of dilemma: Bonus or bust?

To: Scrutons Ltd.

From: Roland Court, Production Manager.

Subject: Productivity bonus.

Date: 28th March.



For the productivity problem, we decided to reduce the targets for the productivity bonus to take it easier to earn a bonus, this would cost 30,000 pounds if you want.

We throught it would make employees work harder and we expected that better productivity would follow in the fact and finally our employees can trust in we and they can work more efficiently and the fact will get profits.


If you have any problems with it, please say me.

Regards.
R.C.

Speaking: Meetings

Discuss how to make your meetings more efficient.

1.- Choosing a monitor to set times of the meeting.

2.- Show to the persons the agenda to discuss during the meeting.

3.- Talk about only the main points to avoid wasting time.

4.- Make the meeting more dynamic to hold the attentions of the persons.

5.- Don´t make the meeting too long.

6.- Skip the most important points.

7.- Stick to the points.

8.- Bring visual aids.

9.- A better presentation.

10.- Move on to another relevant points.

11.- Arrange the meeting early.

Complete the sentences with adjectives or adverbs:

1.- You have to be more careful.

2.- We have to walk more quickly. We're late!

3.- I did this willingly.

4.- He was willing to help me.

5.- They speak English very well.

6.- You did your homework very well.

7.- My grandfather is very clever.

8.- He speaks very quietly.

9.- Our neighborhood is very quiet.

10.- What a great movie!

Exercise about adjectives-adverbs

Change the adjectives to adverbs form:

1.- rude = rudely

2.- noisy = noisily

3.- horrible = horribly

4.- automatic = automatically

5.- late = lately

6.- quick = quickly

7.- free = freely

8.- high = highly

9.- extreme = extremely

10.- angry = angrily

11.- easy = easily

12.- careful = carefully

13.- terrible = terribly

14.- enthusiastic = enthusiastically

15.- good = well

16.- fast = fast

17.- hard = hard

Adjectives and adverbs

Complete the rules:

1.- We usually form adverbs by adding these two letters to the adjective: "ly".
Example: quick-quickly

2.- When the adjective ends in "y", we form the adverb with: "ily".
Example: easy-easily

3.- When the adjective ends in "ic"m we form the adverb with: "ally".
Example: dramatic-dramatically

4.- Good, hard and fast are adjectives. Their adverb forms are irregular. What they are?
A.- good-well
hard-hard
fast-fast

5.- Where do we usually place adverbs that describe how?
A.- At the end of the sentence.

6.- Where do you usually place adverbs that describe how often?
A.- In front of the main verb.

7.- Describe or qualify mouns.
A.- Adjectives.

8.- Go with verbs to describe how you do something, or how often you do something.
A.- Adverbs.

Exercise: Increasing productivity

Which of the following factors can help to increase productivity for manufacturers, and which can reduce productivity.

Increase productivity:
-Up-to-date technology.
-Just in time delivery.
-Effective quality control.
-Good workers (staff).
-Robots.
-Efficient suppliers.


Decrease productivity:
-Out-of-date technology.
-Delays in delivery
-Fail of quality control.
-Not efficient workers or shortage of staff.

Vocabulary: Unit 13 "Productivity"

°amount = cantidad
°up-to-date techonology = tecnología actualizada
°just-in-time = justo a tiempo
°delivery = entrega
°stock = componentes / partes
°wasting = perder / desperdiciando
°resources = recursos
°accurate = preciso / exacto
°raw material = materia prima
°smoothly = suavemente
°smooth = suave
°fill = completar / llenar
°we´re running out of the time = se nos está acabando el tiempo
°noisy = ruidosamente
°morale = moral

Review 4

LANGUAJE CHECK

The present perfect:

Complete the text with the presente perfect form of the following verbs (positive or negative).
be, decide, fall, introdece, rise, see, stay

The Channel Tunnel is an impressive example of modern technology, but it hasn´t been so success as a financial venture. Shareholders are unhappy about the latest reports, which show that the number of cars using the tunnel has fallen by 8 per cent in the last twelve months. The number of trucks and commercial vehicles have stayed at the same level, but the company hasn´t seen an increase in its market share. Airline traffic between London and Paris haven´t risen because of low cost airfaires. Eurotunnel´s directors have decided not to review their pricing strategy. Instead, they have introduced a programme of cost-cutting in the hope of saving the company.

Passives:

Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

1.- We describe the results of this survey in our latest report.

The results... of this survey are described in our latest repot.

2.- They call the new model the "Robomat".

The new model... is call "Robomat".

3.- They are building a new office block in the city centre.

A new office... block is being built in the city centre.

4.- They will complete the building next year.

The building... will be complete next year.

5.- The company has developed a new drink.

A new drink... has been developed by the company.

6.- The company raised salaries by 4 per cent last year.

Salaries... was raised by 4 per cent last year.

7.- The company offered a job to only one person.

Only one person... was offered a job by the company.

8.- The company manufactures the T408 in Germany.

The T408... is manufectured in Germany.

Conditional 1:

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1.- If you have an accident, the insurance company (pay) will pay the costs.

2.- If you (not have) haven´t insurance, you will have to pay for the damage yourself.

3.-You could miss your plane if you (not hurry) don´t hurry.

4.- You (not lose) won´t lose money if you invest in a strong company.

5.- There will be extra charge if the customer (not pay) don´t pay on time.

6.-The company (need) will need to recruit more staff if they set up the new office.

7.- Our staff (learn) will learn to do a better job if we give them training.

8.- If the quality (be) is poor, our customers will complain.

Consolidation:

Choose the correct form of the word or phrase.

Everyone thinks British food is the worst in the world. But it has improved a lot in recent years. Britons have found a new interest in food, If you read British newspapers, you will see recipes and restaurant reviews. New restaurants are being advertised everywhere. Cooking programmes are scheduled on TV every night and kitchens have become bigger and better.

The biggest change that can see is in the quality of produce in shops. Twenty years ago, there was only one kind of tomato in supermarkers. Now, if you visit a British supermarket, you can find 15 types of tomato. A similar change has taken place in other rich countries. And in developing countries, it has reported that there is a lot of more foor avaliable to the poor.

But the wrong kind of food is being consumed too. In some countries, more than half the population is overweight. Doctors warn that if people don´t eat better, there will be more deaths from over-eating that from skoming.

VOCABULARY CHECK

1.-Choose the best option to complete the text.

John went skiing las winter. He had an accident and fell 20 metres down the mountain. He wasn´t unhealthy, but his camera was injured. The cost of repairs was 200 pounds. He tried to claim on hus travel insurance, but the insurance company said that his policy didn´t cover dangerous sports.

2.- Choose the best option and complete the text.

Online shooping has increased dramatically in recent years as more and more people use the internet to requiere travel tickets and buy goods. However, there can be problems when buying online. Some retailers have found it difficult to guarantee delivery times: goods may arrive late or not at all. Some customers become frustrated when they are unable to cancel an order or get a refund for goods they don´t want. Companies that try to reduce spending on customer service may find it difficult to handle all the complaints from satisfied customers.

CARRER SKILLS

Describing a graph:

Choose the correct phrase to complete each sentence describing the graph. dropped from 6% to 4.5%, fell to, fluctuated, remained steady, reached a peak.

1.- From 1998 to 2000, the unemployment rate fluctuated between 4.0 and 4.3 per cent.

2.- In 200, the rate remained steady 3.1 per cent.

3.- The level of employment fell to during the next two years.

4.- In 2004, unemployment reachd a peak of 6.0 per cent.

5.- In the second half of 2004, the rate dropped from 6% to 4.5%.

Expressing arguments:

A and B discuss whether to hire a big room or a smaller room for a party for customers. They don´t know how many people will attend. Match the phrases with the arguments.

A) My view is that we should hire the big room, because it´s better to have too much space than not enough.

B) On the other hand, If the room is too small, our customers will leave- and that could cost us a lot!

A) I understand your point, but if a lot of people come, we will need the space.

B) Surely the main point is to save costs when we can.

A) That´s right. We might have to pay a lot of money for space we don´t need.

Dealing with problems:

An office worker (A) phones a technician (B). Put the dialogue in the correct order.

A) I´ve got a problem with my laptop - it isn´t working. (1)

B) Right. Well there are two possibilities: we could send someone to you to look at it, or you could bring it to us. (2)

A) I can´t bring it to you very easily - it´s connected to other equipment at my desk. (3)

B) Fine. Then I´ll arrange for someone to come to you. (4)

B) OK, but if we send someone to you, you may have to wait till this afternoon. (5)

A) That´s OK, I can wait. (6)

Extra excercise about conditional 1

Put the verbs into the correct tenses.

1.- (be / not have)
You will be hungry if you don´t have any breakfast.

2.- (not leave / not catch)
If he doesn´t leave now, he won´t catch the train.

3.- (come / have)
If you come to our house on Saturday, we will have a barbecue.

4.- (see / tell)
If I see Ana, I will tell her you called.

5.- (see / run)
If the fox sees us, it will run away.

6.- (take / have)
I will take the dog for a walk if I have time.

7.- (not learn / not listen)
You won´t learn anything if you don´t listen.

8.- (be / not go)
You will be tired tomorrow if you don´t go to bed early.

Excercise about Conditional 1

1. If the information is incomplete, you won´t understand the plan.
2. Our sales will increase substancially if we have a present.
3. We´ll stop the meeting if the information isn´t incomplete.
4. If you order now, you will get a discount.
5. If your car is stolen, you will have to report it.
6. Your presentation will be better if you know the product.
7. The company will pay you a performance bonus if you work overtime.
8. If a company doesn´t advertise a product well, the company won´t have sales.
9. If our main competitor goes bankrupt, you will have more profit.
10. We won´t be able to do business with you if you aren´t honest.

Examples of conditional 1

1.- If you place a large order, we can offer a 50% discount.

2.- If you have problems with the computer, we can change it.

3.- If you have problems with the computer, we can provide it.

4.- We can offer a 50% discount if you place a large order.

5.- We could send the computer tomorrow if you pay in cash.

6.- If you don´t give a solution, I won´t buy any products next time.

7.- I´ll try to help you if you explain the problem.

Conditional 1

Rules:

°In the first conditional, the verb following if is in the present tense.

°The verb in the other half of the sentence refers to the future and is generally formed with will.

°We use the first conditional to talk about the future result of a possible action or event.


NOTE: If the result is not certain, we use can or could instead of will. meaning "It´s possible".

Vocabulary of the article: Getting better service

-whingeing = queja
-handling = tratando
-react = planear una acción
-suffering = sufrimiento
-handle = manejar / tratar
-instead of = en lugar de
-abroad = en el extranjero
-indeed = de hecho

Vocabulary: Unit 12 "Service"

*queve = fila
*queving = esperando
*queries = peticiones
*deal with = manejar / tratar
*complaint = queja
*complain = quejarse
*ash = ceniza
*although = aunque
*delay = atrasar / retardar
*apology = disculpa

Homework: "Passives"

1.- Passive verb forms: Match the sentence halves appropiately.

a) Your enquiry...
ANSWER = Has not yet been printed.

b) Make sure that your mobile phone...
ANSWER = Is being dealt with.

c) All tenders and supporting documents...
ANSWER = Must be returned by 31 March.

d) Your hotel booking...
ANSWER = Has been confirmed.

e) As request, the sum of $75,000...
ANSWER = Has been credited to your account.

f) The full conference programme...
ANSWER = Is switched off during important meetings.



2.- Focussing on the action: Make these sentences passive. Only use by if it is necessary to say who did the action.

a) Karl Marx wrote Das hospital.
CORRECT = Das hospital was written by Karl Marx.

b) They are reparing your car now.
CORRECT = My car is being repared now.

c) Steve Jobs founded Apple Computers.
CORRECT = Apple Computers was founded by Steve Jobs.

d) The board will discuss the proposal.
CORRECT = The proposal will be discussed by the board.

e) Did anyone inform Mrs Wilson?
CORRECT = Mrs Wilson was informed.

f) They make Renault cars in Slovenia.
CORRECT = Renault cars are made in Slovenia.

g) They have transferred him to the New York office.
CORRECT = He has been transferred to the New York office.

h) The princess opened the new conference centre.
CORRECT = The new conference centre was opened by the princess.

i) They had made a full investigation.
CORRECT = A full investigation had been made.

j) I didn´t realise someone was listening to my telephone conversations.
CORRECT = I didn´t realise telephone conversations were being listened.

Exercise: Insurance quote

1.- Complete the information in the letter.

Thank you for your letter enquiring about Akorn health insurance. We are pleased to make the following quote:
The premium each month is 135 pounds for full cover.
The terms of the policy state that you are not covered for any illnesses or injuries that you had in the past. You can go to the hospital of your choice to be treated.
You can claim for operations, overnight stays in hospital and health check-ups. Pleased contact me if you would like a quote on any other insurance policy.



2.- Complete the questions:

-How much / premium / each year?
CORRECT: How much is the premium each year?
ANSWER = 135 pounds.

-What / terms / of / policy?
CORRECT: What are the terms of the policy?
ANSWER = You are not covered for any illnesses or injures of the past but you can go to the hospital that you choice.

-What / claim / for?
CORRECT: What can you claim for?
ANSWER = Operations, overnight stays in the hospital and health check-ups.

Homework: "Graph"

The graph shows the internet percentaje users of the countries over the last two months of the year. As you can see in Uruguay the users have grown faster compared to the rest of the countries with a 7.6 per cent, Brazil has been to 2.4 per cent but finally Ecuador has fallen in the graph until to reach 0.2 per cent of users.

Homework: "Graph grid"

°Graph A = It shows the share price has increased form 95 cents in January to 105 cents in June in the first six months of the year.

°Graph B = As you can see, the price of oil has fluctuated between 30 and 40 dollars a barrel during the last year.

°Graph C = As the graph shows the cost of renting an apartment between 2000 and 2005, reached a peak of 150 euros a square metre in 2001, but the cost has fallen sharply recently.

°Graph D = As you can see, the cost of travel between London and Paris fell to a low point in 2003, but in 2005 it has gone up gradually.

°Graph E = It shows the rate of inflaction has reimained steady at 3.5 per cent over the last three years.

Homework: "Make sugestions"

*Why not to change the hairdress appearance for something modern, innovator, creative and fashionable?
ANSWER: I like that!


*Perhaps, we could give discounts for the first cut hairs of youngs?
ANSWER: That´s a good idea.


*We need to put modern cut hairs dor youngs to the view of the people.
ANSWER: Brillant.


*I think we should offer more variety of cuts, colors and designs.
ANSWER: I like that!

Active / Passive

-ACTIVE / SIMPLE PRESENT:
Subject + verb in simple form + complemet (object)

PASSIVE:
Object + am / is / are + verb in past participle + by + subject

Example:
Pasive = Is Italian spoken in your country?
Yes / No


-ACTIVE / SIMPLE PAST:
Subject + verb in simple pas + complement (object)

PASSIVE:
Object + was / were + verb in past participle + by + subject

Example:
Passive = Was cien años de soledad written by Carlos Fuestes?


-ACTIVE / PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:
Subject + am / is / are + verb with ing + complement (object)

PASSIVE:
Object + am / is / are + being + verb in past participle + by + subject

Example:
Passive = Is a new subway line being built this year?
No, it isn´t.


-ACTIVE / PRESENT PERFECT:
Subject + have / has + verb in past participle + complement (object)

PASSIVE:
Object + have / has + been + verb in past participle + by + subject

Example:
Passive = Has your birthday been celebrate by your family?


-ACTIVE / FUTURE:
Subject + will / won´t + ver in simple form + complement (object)

PASSIVE:
Object + will / won´t + be + verb in past participle + by + subject

Example:
Passive = Will peseras be replaced by metro bus in the future?
Yes, they will.

Passives

*ACTIVE:
Subject + verb + complement

*PASSIVE:
Complement (Object) + is / are + verb in past participle + by + subject


°Examples:
1.- ACTIVE = W. Sh. wrote Romeo and Juliet.
PASSIVE= Romeo and Juliet was written by W. Sh.

2.- ACTIVE = People grow bananas in Tabasco.
PASSIVE = Bananas are grown in Tabasco.

3.- ACTIVE = Japanese women wear kimonos.
PASSIVE = Kimonos are worn by Japanese women.

4.- ACTIVE = Engineers are building a new subway line this year.
PASSIVE = A new subway line is being built this year.

5.- ACTIVE = They have change the meeting.
PASSIVE = The meeting has been changed.

6.- ACTIVE = Gaby has found the missing file.
PASSIVE = The missing file has been found by Gaby.

7.- ACTIVE = They make wine from the fermented juice of grapes.
PASSIVE = Wine is made from the fermented juice of grapes.

8.- ACTIVE = The pour the juice into bottles.
PASSIVE = The juice is poured into bottles.

9.- ACTIVE = They distribute the bottles throught the country.
PASSIVE = The bottles are distributed throught the country.

10.- ACTIVE = People have tried this delicious juice.
PASSIVE = This delicious juice has been tried.

Vocabulary: Unit 10 "Price"

-How long...? = por cuanto tiempo
-shares = acciones
-remain steady = estable
-reach a peak = alcanzar el punto más alto
-sharply = bruscamente
-insurance = aseguradora
-stolen = robado
-clerical = de oficina, administrativo
-deal with = tratar con..
-underwriter = aseguradores
-quote = estimado / cotización
-injured = heridos
-claim = asegurar / demandar
-terms = términos
-opt out = rechazar
-screens =seleccionar
-withdraw = retirar
-wine = vino

Present perfect

°AFFIRMATIVE:
Subject + have + verb in past participle + complement
(I, we, you, they)

Subject + has + verb in past participle + complement
(she, he, it)



°NEGATIVE:
Subject + have not + verb in past participle + complement
(I, we, you, they)

Subject + has not + verb in past participle + complement
(she, he, it)


°INTERROGATIVE:
Have + subject + verb in past participle + complement + ?
Answer = No, subject + have

Has + subject + verb in past participle + complement + ?
Answer = Yes, subject + hasn´t


*EXAMPLES:
-Spending on food has fallen for many year and continues to drop.
-I´ve studied English for 2 years.
-I´ve studied English since 2006.
-In the last month prices have increased by 12 per cent.
-In the last days, we started a new semester.
-In the last four semesters we have taken Business English.
-How long have you studied English?


*NOTE: For present perfect, we can use this words:
-Recently.
-In recent years.

Exercise "Guerrilla marketing"

Hold a competition:

How could you advertise the competition?
Answer.- We could advertise the competition by stands, into university; we put details on the website for they know about the competition.


What prize could you offer that would attract a lot of students to enter?
Answer.- We could gve money:
-First place = 10,000 dlls
-Second place = 5,000 dlls
-Third place = 1,000 dlls


What exactly should people do to win the competition?
Answer.- They have to make an advertise plan to the mobile phone.

Excercise of modals of obligations

°Have to = algo dicho desde el principio / es una obligación.

°Should = Cuando se dice algo en el momento.

°Must = Es una regla personal.



EXCERCISE 1.- Complete this sentences so that they true for your country. Use have to, don´t have to and must not.


1.- You don´t have carry a gun.

2.-You have to pay to use buses and trams.

3.- You have to vote if you are over 18.

4.- You must not drink alcohol at work.

5.- You have to pay to drive on a motorway.

6.- You don´t have to declare income earned abroad.

7.-You have to wear a seat belt when driving a car.



EXCERCISE 2.- Complete this sentences so that they are true for your job situacion. Use have to, don´t have to and must not.

1.- You must not take home company equipment.

2.- You have to wear a badge.

3.- You must not wear a tie, if you are a man.

4.- You must not wear jeans at work.

5.- You have to clock in when you arrive.

6.- You have to wear a dress or a suit, if you are a woman.

Modals of obligations

*ADVICE as are: You should / You shouldn´t... (stronger)
You must / You musn´t... (very stronger)
Examples: You should talk to our accounts manager - she can help you.
You musn´t leave London without visiting the Tower!


*PERSONAL RULE as are: Must / musn´t
Example: I must try to get to work earlier.


*GENERAL RULE as are: Have to
Example: Do you have to have a visa to travel to Russia?


*NECESSARY as are: Need to
Example: We need to plan our next sales conference soon.


*NOT NECESSARY as are: Don´t have to / don´t need to
Examples: You don´t have to have a visa for the UK.
You don´t need to write a letter - you can phone.


*NOT ALLOWED as is: Musn´t
Example: You musn´t leave your car in front of the hotel - it´s a no parking area!

Vocabulary: Unit 9 "Selling"

°boost = estímulo / impulso
°debt = deuda
°high-earning = altos ingresos
°packaging = envoltura
°rewards = premios
°heading = encabezado
°summary = resumen
°pay off = rembolsar
°spending power = poder adquisitivo
°worth = valor
°wireless = inalámbrico
°brochures = folletos
°instead = en lugar de
°not allowed = no está permitido
°currencies = grandes denominaciones
°approach = acercarse / aproximarse
°appeals = que les agrade ó les guste
°stress = enfatizar
°quite = bastante
°outgoing = disponibilidad
°insiders = infiltrados
°hold = organizar
°trends = tendencias
°range = surtido / gama
°dropped = reducir
°path = camino / sendero
°chain stores = cadena de tiendas
°rising = subieron / aumentaron
°heating = calefacción
°profitability = rentabilidad

Exercise of the article: Hard to reach

Marketers to use a lot of methods of selling to promote their products and services and close them to their potential consumers.

A lot of make up companies employ sales representatives and give them catalogues to get more customers.

Vocabulary of the article: Hard to reach

*retailers = minorista / detallista
*through = a través de..
*media = medios de comunicación
*advertise = anunciar
*sponsor = patrocinador / promotor
*bilboards = espectacular (anuncio)
*sponsorship = patrocinio
*press = prensa (unión de periódico y revista)
*gifts = regalos / obsequios
*reach = llegar a... / alcanzar